Common Fractures
Falls among the elderly are a significant public health concern, leading to various physical, psychological, and social consequences. Common fractures in the elderly are often serious due to the risks associated with aging, such as decreased bone density and balance issues.
Common Fractures in the Elderly
- 1. Hip Fractures
- Description: Usually occurs in the femoral neck or intertrochanteric region.
- Causes: Often caused by falls, particularly from standing height. The hip is vulnerable due to factors like osteoporosis and decreased muscle strength.
- 2. Wrist Fractures (Colles' Fracture)
- Description: A fracture of the distal radius in the wrist, commonly occurring just above the wrist joint.
- Causes: Typically results from a fall onto an outstretched hand, which is common among elderly individuals.
- 3. Spine Fractures (Vertebral Compression Fractures)
- Description: Fractures of the vertebrae that can occur with minimal trauma, leading to pain and potential loss of height.
- Causes: Often related to osteoporosis and can occur with activities such as bending, lifting, or coughing.
- 4. Shoulder Fractures (Proximal Humerus Fractures)
- Description: Fractures of the upper arm bone near the shoulder joint.
- Causes: Commonly caused by falls, especially if the individual falls on the shoulder or outstretched arm.
- Causes of Fractures in the Elderly:
- Osteoporosis: A condition characterized by weakened bones, making them more susceptible to fractures, particularly in postmenopausal women and older men.
- Falls: Falls are a leading cause of fractures. Factors contributing to falls include poor balance, muscle weakness, vision problems, and environmental hazards.
- Age-related Changes: Decreased bone density, muscle mass, and strength with age contribute to higher fracture risk.
- Chronic Conditions: Conditions such as arthritis, diabetes, and neurological disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease) can increase fall risk.
- Medications: Certain medications may increase the risk of falls or weaken bones (e.g., corticosteroids).
- Physiotherapy Managements:
- Post-Fracture Rehabilitation:
- Pain Management: Techniques such as modalities (heat, ice, ultrasound) may be used to manage pain and swelling.
- Restoration of Function:
- Strengthening Exercises: Gradual, targeted exercises to strengthen the affected area and surrounding muscles.
- Range of Motion Exercises: To improve flexibility and prevent stiffness in the joints.
- Balance and Coordination Training:
- Fall Prevention: Specific exercises to enhance balance, stability, and coordination, which can reduce the risk of future falls.
- Gait Training:
- Assistive Devices: Training on the use of canes, walkers, or other assistive devices to promote safe mobility.
- Safe Walking Techniques: Teaching proper gait mechanics to avoid further injury.
- Education and Lifestyle Modifications:
- Home Safety Assessment: Recommendations for environmental modifications to reduce fall risk
- Exercise Education: Encouraging participation in regular physical activity, such as strength training and balance exercises, to maintain bone health and prevent future fractures.
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