Flat Foot
Flatfoot, or pes planus, is a condition where the arches of the foot collapse, resulting in the entire sole coming into contact with the ground. This can be a flexible or rigid condition and may occur in one or both feet. The most common cause of flat feet is genetics. Many people are born with a low or absent arch, and in some cases, the arch simply doesn’t fully develop during childhood. Another frequent cause, especially in adults, is posterior tibial tendon dysfunction (PTTD). This condition affects the tendon that supports the arch, leading it to collapse over time, often as a result of injury, overuse, or age-related degeneration.
- Flat Arches is the most obvious sign is the absence of a visible arch when standing. The feet may roll inward while walking, which may lead to instability.
- Discomfort in the feet, especially in the arch area, the heel, or the balls of the feet.
- Pain may extend to the lower legs, knees, or hips due to altered biomechanics. Knee may present as an “X” shape known as knock knee.
- Swelling may occur, particularly after prolonged standing or walking.
- Manual Therapy : Techniques such as joint mobilization and soft tissue manipulation to improve foot function and reduce pain.
- Exercise Therapy:
- Strengthening Exercises: Targeting muscles in the foot and lower leg, particularly the intrinsic muscles that support the arch.
- Stretching Exercises: Focusing on calf muscles and the Achilles tendon to improve flexibility and alleviate tension.
- Balance and Proprioceptive Exercises: To improve muscle control of the lower leg to prevent fall and other compensations
- Education : Informing patients about the condition and the importance of proper footwear and lifestyle modifications.
- Orthotic Support : Custom or over-the-counter orthotics may be recommended to provide arch support and correct alignment.
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